GREAT SEAL of the Ancient Dynastic House of LASCARIS COMNENUS of Constantinople: Grand Protectors of the Orders of Saint Constantine the Great, Saint Helen, and Saint Eugene of Trebizond -- from the ROMAN EMPIRE to NEW ROME to NEW BYZANTIUM

THE GREAT SEAL
OF
THE LASCARIS COMNENUS

A PATRIMONY

IT IS a certainty that the first to use the BICEPHALOUS EAGLE [Two-Headed Eagle] were the LASCARIS EMPERORS who adopted it as their Emblem from a figure hewn out of the stone wall of a Hittite fortress in Asia Minor.

The origin of all the Imperial Bicephalous Eagles is Byzantium, the Second Rome.  The Bicephalous Eagle was the property of the HOUSE OF LASCARIS who conveyed it to the Byzantine Empire and it is distinct from the anterior Augustan Eagle of the Roman Empire, the First Rome.  It was introduced into Russia, the Third Rome, as a dowry on the occasion of the marriage of Sophia Palaeologos to Ivan III the Great, Grand Duke of Muscovy.

Following the demise of Communism, the Bicephalous Eagle re-appeared as a Symbol of the Russian State.  Nevertheless, it has independently endured the test of time by its constant presence at the ancient Monasteries of Mount Athos, and has emerged in The Americas, the Fourth Rome or NEW BYZANTIUM.
 

Byzantine Crown

The
 GRAND  PROTECTOR  OF  THE  HOUSE AND  GRAND  MASTER

heads The

ORDER  OF  SAINT  CONSTANTINE  THE  GREAT A.D.  312
ORDER  OF  SAINT  HELEN
ORDER OF SAINT EUGENE OF TREBIZOND 



¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

Emanating from The HOUSE are:

The HOUSE  DELEGATES

The  ORDERS  &  other INSTITUTIONS

Each ORDER accountable to a:
MAGISTERIAL  GRAND  COUNCIL
____
__

ADMINISTRATIVE  FRAMEWORK
OF  THE  ORDERS


Appointed Offices:
GRAND  CHANCELLERY  GENERAL
GENERAL  CHANCELLERIES
NATIONAL  CHANCELLERIES
REGIONAL
Chancelleries


Linguistic Exarchates
General Exarchates
National Exarchates
Toparchies and Local Chapters
All Knights and Ladies
______________________________________
CONSTANTINIAN  KNIGHTS  k  HELENIAN  LADIES
EUGENIAN   SPATHARIOS   k  ARCHONTISSAS
Preserving the Historical Origin of the Orders
Guardians of Byzantine Tradition and Ideals,
Defenders  of The Cross and of The Faith.

______________________________________________________________


A  BRIEF  HISTORICAL  OVERVIEW
OF  THE
INFLUENCE OF BYZANTIUM


THE  weakening  of  the  Ancient  Greek   City  States
   and  the proliferation  of  the   Alexandrian  Empire  open  the   way  for  the   Roman Empire.

Constantine  the  Great becomes  sole  Emperor  of  the    Roman  Empire, based  on  his  military  victory   over  Maxentius  in   312  A.D.  outside of  
Rome.

Constantine  moves  the  seat  of  the  Roman Empire  from  Rome  to  Byzantium. The  City  becomes  his   namesake,  that  is,   Constantinople  and together   with  the  Empire  they  are  known  as    the  New  Rome,  the Second  Rome,  the   Eastern  Roman  Empire,  Byzantium, and  carry  the magical   name  of  Valentia.

The  Fourth  Crusade  finds  Byzantium  sacked  and    occupied  by  Western invaders  from  1203  to 1261.

The  Byzantine  presence  survives  during  that  period    by  the  rise  of two  Empires.   One  is   founded  in  Nicaea  by   the  Lascaris  Dynasty and  the  other  thrives  in  Trebizond  under     the  Comnenus  Dynasty.

In  1261  Nicaean superiority  recaptures  Constantinople and    Byzantium lasts  until  1453  when  the  City   falls to  the   Ottoman  invaders.

Trebizond fares better and remains in power until 1461  when  it too  falls to the same invading force.

There was also the cultural city of
Mystras, capital of the Despotate of like name, nestled on the first slopes of Mt. Taygetos and adjacent to Sparta.  It lasted from 1348 to 1460 when it too succumbed to the Turk.   The aggregate of all these final events marks the true Fall of the Roman Empire—yet,  only in a geopolitical sense and  not ever in a socio-cultural sense.  Witness the enduring Western Civilization,.

The front line defense of the Western world thus fails and the Asiatic non-Christian presence comes face to face with
Europe at a crucial geographical juncture.  This problematic actuality casts long shadows on dubious alliances attempted by Westerners with non-Europeans in that area.

The escape from
Byzantium to the West of a large number of intellectual and cultivated people brings about the Renaissance of Europe.  An expanding consequence of that, in Western terms, is the Discovery of the Americas which establishes the inevitable reality that the New World is NEW BYZANTIUM.

 

Prince Eugene II (1886-1952).
EUGENE II
( March 26, 1886  - June 1, 1952 )
RESTORER  OF  BYZANTINE
TRADITIONAL  INSTITUTIONS
(OIL)

________________________________________________


Prince Theodore IX (1921-2006).
THEODORE IX
(October 27, 1921 - September 20, 2006)
ERUDITE
  VISIONARY
PROPAGATOR OF BYZANTIUM
IN THE AMERICAS
or
NEW BYZANTIUM

___________


Prince Theodore IX and Princess Gabriela.
H. I. and R. H. PRINCE THEODORE IX LASCARIS COMNENUS
and
H. I. and R. H. PRINCESS  GABRIELA

HIS IMPERIAL AND ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE THEODORE IX LASCARIS COMNENUS of the Byzantine House of Constantinople with PRINCESS GABRIELA reside with the Family in Venezuela.  Prince Theodore IX was by Primogeniture the HIGH PROTECTOR of the House and all of its Institutions.  These include the UNION OF BYZANTINE ARISTOCRACY; the ORDER OF SAINTS CONSTANTINE THE GREAT AND HELEN; the ORDER OF SAINT EUGENE OF TREBIZOND; and the INTERNATIONAL PHILO-BYZANTINE ACADEMY AND UNIVERSITY (IPHBAU).  He was the GRAND MASTER of the Constantinian Helenian Order, while his younger brother, H. I. AND R. H. PRINCE   JUAN   ARCADIO  LASCARIS    COMNENUS    is   the GRAND MASTER of the Eugenian Order.    

Prince Theodore IX was a Doctor of Laws and Philosophy; University Professor at national and foreign educational institutions [in the U.S.A. at Notre Dame University, South Bend, IN]; critic; author; essayist; writer of an acknowledged and far reaching trajectory; co-worker for international publications in the country; had conducted conferences in various countries in the Continents of Europe and America; and had received decorations such as the Order of Miranda and others for his pedagogical work.  He received  Honorary  Doctorates at Universities in Canada, the United States of America, Argentina and France among others.

Among works published by the Prince are: The Problems and Teaching of the United Nations and of UNESCO; Introduction to Philosophy and Greek Philosophy; The Philosophies of Cultures and the Mass Societies; Historical Juridical Study of  the   Independent Orders  of Chivalry;  Philosophy of Venezuelan Education; Fifth Centenary: Encounters and Divergencies on the Half Millennium of Discovery of the New World..

Historical Juridical Study of the Independent Orders of Chivalry, by Professor Prince Theodore IX Lascaris Comnenus.
HISTORICAL JURIDICAL STUDY
OF THE
INDEPENDENT ORDERS OF CHIVALRY
by
Dr. Teodoro Láscaris Comneno
Prof. Tit. Universidad de Carabobo
Valencia, Venezuela
____
Publicación de la
Universidad Yacambú
Consejo Universitario

Rector
Juan Pedro Pereira Meléndez
Vice-Rectora Académica
Gadra Sánchez de Pérez
Vice-Rector Administrativo
César Moreno
Vice-Rector de Investigación Post-Grado
Eustiquio Aponte
Secretario General
Omar O. Parada D.
Decano de la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas
Luis Semprum
Decano de la Facultad de Humanidades
Genaro Lucena
Decano de la Facultad de Ingeniería
Beatriz O. de Peña


____________
 

DECLARATORY  INTRODUCTION
ON  PROS  AND  CONS
OF  THE
LASCARIS  COMNENUS


By: Dr. Theodore Lascaris Comnenus.  Valencia, Venezuela, January 1, 1997.                                       
Prior to the Spanish Civil War of 1936, a PRO-LASCARIS Committee established in Madrid advanced the candidacy of my father, Prince Eugene Lascaris, for the Crowns of Greece and Cyprus, particularly in the years 1923 and 1935.

In the post-World War II period, in 1946, he gave international character to the Greek-Byzantine Institution of the Sovereign (i.e., Independent) Order of Constantine the Great with its feminine branch of Saint Helen; and beginning in 1948, the Review PARTHENON was published -- an organ of the "Greek-Spanish Cultural Association" with its seat in Madrid.

In 1950, as a cultural extension of the Order, my father founded the "Philo -Byzantine Academy and University Magistrorum."

In 1953 in Madrid was created the institute and magazine CONTRA-LASCARIS presided by an ex-Falangist and ex-carlosoctavista named "Le petit Goebles," and his "ad-latere" an author, who through a publication "Hidalguía" presented themselves as implacable adversaries of Prince Eugene, of our Family, and of our Institutions.  Such a person wished to bring honor to his name by linking up with us who unfortunately are not sectarian integristas.

Rodríguez Maseda affirms that fanatics in their ignorance border on IDIOCY, being capable of the most incredible doings in word and in deed.

Those mentioned pertained to a group that in the fifties and sixties was led by a politico and his ministers, members of the sect integrista nocedaliana, protected by the totalitarian STATE.

The CONTRA-LASCARIS stem since '53 to date, developing a campaign based on contemptuous insults, denigration and attacks on prestige.  With ample financial support, they are dedicated to sending letters and pamphlets everywhere using their "executioners." 

While the Lascaris Comnenus Institutions promote "Human Rights" and the "Declaration of Rights of the United Nations," of the OAS and of UNESCO, in favor of understanding, of the comprehension of fraternity, the integristas nocedalianos CONTRAS are enemies of the truth, of reason, and of liberty, by submitting to fanatical obscurantism, isolated from all logic.

As so wisely articulates the top advisor of President Clinton, George Stephanopoulos, when personal attacks are launched, it is a deliberate strategy intended not to debate the real problems.  Which in our case is the defense of Human Rights, the freedom of expression and union, as opposed to obscurantism.

COLOPHON


More precisely, persecutions by word as well as by act is what gave strength to Christianity.  Only the PRO, or so to speak the POSITIVE produces thought and action.   CONTRA NEGATIVISM for its malignity is the DRAGON that will be annihilated by our master Megalomartyr Saint George of Cappadocia, renowned Captain of the PRO-LASCARIS OF BYZANTIUM.

ODERINT DUM METUANT
(HATE WHOM YOU FEAR)


¤ ¤ ¤ ¤


Princess Alexia Lascaris Comnenus.
H. I. AND R. H.
PRINCESS  ALEXIA  LASCARIS  COMNENUS
HOUSE  CHARGÉ  IN  THE  AMERICAS

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ 
 

Leaflet of popular acclamation that Prince Eugene II is the legitimate King of the Greek People. Official Delegation sent to Spain to invite the Prince.

On October 16, 1935, in the residence of Ricla in Spain.
The Colonel Contopirakis Aide-de-camp of General Plastiras; the countess
of Castellano; the Princess Nicasia; the Prince Eugene; Mr. Melioudis, Deputy; the
Count of Castellano;  don Vicente Lope Onde and don Jose Orera de Ibarz.


(Above appear the Greek leaflet and the photograph including
members of the Greek Delegation dispatched to Prince Eugene II
Lascaris Comnenos in exile in Spain to accept as legitimate King the
throne of Greece as H.R.H. EUGENE A' KING OF THE HELLENES.
)


NOTE:
The Greek people accept the term "King of the Hellenes"
and not "King of Greece."

They may consider to be "citizens" within royal governance;
yet will
not accept to be "subjects" under royal authority.
(They consider their king to be one among them worldwide.)


¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ 

Crest of the Order of St. Eugene of Trebizond, Roman patrician and Christian martyr.


OF
SAINT EUGENE OF TREBIZOND

____________ 

Coat of Arms of Prince Juan Arcadio Lascaris Comnenus.
COAT OF ARMS
OF
H. I and R. H.
PRINCE  JUAN  ARCADIO  LASCARIS  COMNENUS

GRAND MASTER

Pince Juan Arcadio, Grand Master of the Order of St. Eugene of Trebizond and Princess Maria Isabela.
PRINCE JUAN ARCADIO & PRINCESS MARIA ISABELA

(Prince Juan Arcadio 1926 - April 16, 2013)

BIOGRAPHICAL

       Juan Arcadio Lascaris Comneno (Ioannis Arkadios LASKARIS-KOMNENOS) was born in 1926 in Zaragoza, Spain.  He studied Sociology, Law and History and is Doctor of Social Sciences and Doctor of Civil Law.  He lived and worked in Spain, U.S.A. and in countries of Central and South America.
        His written work is large and expands into areas such as Public Health and Care, Literature, History of Spain and of the Byzantine Empire.
       He is the author of "Collection of Legislation on Health" in twenty-five volumes.  His works were published in 1988 on "Legislation on Personnel" 800 pages, and "Pharmaceutics" in two volumes in 1500 pages and in 1989 his work "Teaching and Research" 710 pages.
       In the area of Social Care, the institution for Spain’s National Care has honored him with the Prize for his work "Alvaro Lopez Nuñez and Social Care in Spain."
       His great Love for Greece, Byzantine civilization and Orthodoxy cannot escape anyone’s notice.
       There is also a long list of intellectual institutions that have taken Ioannis Arkadios Laskaris Komnenos into their fold.
       Many honorary distinctions and moral rewards have also been bestowed upon him during his half-century of contribution to the scientific environment.
       A lover of ecclesiastical fine arts, he devotes his free time in Byzantine iconography.
       He resides permanently in Madrid.  He is married to María Isabela de Monroy-Blanco and they have two daughters, María Eugenia and Helena.

_________________

ΒΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΚΟ

       Ο Juan Arcadio Lascaris Comneno (Ιωάννης Αρκάδιος ΛΑΣΚΑΡΙΣ-ΚΟΜΝΗΝΟΣ) γεννήθηκε το 1926 στή Σαραγόζα της Ισπανίας. Σπούδασε Κοινωνιολογία, Νομικά και Ιστορία και είναι Διδάκτωρ Κοινωνικών Επιστημών και Διδάκτωρ Αστικού Δικαίου. Έζησε και εργάστηκε στήν Ισπανία, τις Η.Π.Α. και σε χώρες της Κεντρικής και Νότιας Αμερικής.
       Τό συγγραφικό του έργο είναι μεγάλο και επεκτείνεται σε τομείς όπως η Δημοσία Υγεία και Πρόνοια, η Λογοτεχνία, η Ιστορία της Ισπανίας και της Βυζαντινής Αυτοκρατορίας.
       Είναι συγγραφέας της «Συλλογής Νομοθεσιών περί Υγείας» σε εικοσιπέντε τόμους. Τό 1988 εξεδόθησαν τά έργα του «Νομοθεσία περί Προσωπικού» 800 σελίδων, και «Φαρμακευτική» σε δύο τόμους 1500 σελίδων και το 1989 το έργο του «Διδακτική και Έρευνα» 710 σελίδων.
       Στόν Τομέα της Κοινωνικής Πρόνοιας έχει τιμηθεί για το έργο του «Αλβάρο Λόπεθ Νούνιεθ και η Κοινωνική Πρόνοια στήν Ισπανία» με το Βραβείο τού Εθνικού Ιδρύματος Πρόνοιας της Ισπανίας.
       Η μεγάλη αγάπη του για την Ελλάδα, το βυζαντινό πολιτισμό και τήν Ορθοδοξία δέν περνά από κανένα απαρατήρητη.
        Μακρύς είναι και ο κατάλογος των πνευματικών ιδρυμάτων που ενέταξαν τον Ιωάννη Λάσκαρι Κομνηνό στούς κόλπους των.
       Πλείστες είναι καί οι τιμητικές διακρίσεις και ηθικές αμοιβές που του έχουν επανεμεθεί στο πέραν του μισού αιώνα προσφοράς του στόν επιστημονικό χώρο.
       Λάτρης της εκκλησιαστικής εικαστικής τέχνης, επιδίδεται στις ελεύθερες του ώρες στη βυζαντινή αγιογραφία.
       Κατοικεί μόνιμα στη Μαδρίτη. Είναι νυμφευμένος μέ την Μαρία Ισαβέλα ντε Μονρόϊ-Μπλάνκο και έχουν δυο θυγατέρες, τη Μαρία Ευγενία και την Έλενα.

_________________



ORDER OF SAINT EUGENE OF TREBIZOND

DECREE  of   SUCCESSION
to the
GRAND  MAGISTERY
June 24, 2001

Byzantine Bicephalous or Two-Headed Eagle of the House of Lascaris Comnenus.
The Princesses Maria Eugenia Isabel and Helena Isabel Eirene Lascaris Comnenus.
 H.I.R.H. Princess MARIA  EUGENIA  ISABEL
H.I.R.H. Princess HELENA  ISABEL  EIRENE
LASCARIS  COMNENUS  MONROY
[left to right]

DECREE  OF  SUCCESSION
Appended to the Second Constitution

Article 1.
            In the event of my physical inability duly to attend to my functions as Grand Master or because of my demise, the said office will be assumed immediately by my first-born daughter, the Princess Dr. MARIA EUGENIA ISABEL LASCARIS COMNENUS  MONROY as Supreme Grand Dame of the same [ i.e., of the Order of Saint Eugene of Trebizond ].

 Article 2.
            My second daughter, the Princess Dr. HELENA ISABEL EIRENE LASCARIS COMNENUS MONROY, will at the same time assume the Lieutenancy General, thus fulfilling the condition established in Section b) of the Second Constitution.

Article 3.
            On such occasion when my successor to the Grand Magistery should be unable to continue in her post because of impossibility or death, said Grand Magistery will be assumed by my second daughter, the Princess Dr. Helena Isabel Eirene, who until that moment will have fulfilled the charge of the Lieutenancy General.

Article 4.
            In such circumstance when the latter were unable to assume the post or in the event of her demise, the Supreme Grand Master would be the eldest son of my first daughter, the Princess Dr. Maria Eugenia Isabel, if he would meet the following conditions,

a) Older than 18 years.
b)  Will have taken steps whereby the surname Lascaris would be incorporated in his name in the first place; which is to say, his descendants will always be able to be named Lascaris and will be able to continue as members of the House of Lascaris Comnenus.

Article 5.
Should such a male not exist, it would pass to the first-born male of my second daughter, Dr Helena Isabel Eirene, as long as he would fulfill the conditions indicated in Sections a) and b) of the previous Article.

Article 6.
If none of these males existed it could pass to the daughters of both, following the same order and conditions.

Article 7.
If none of both previously cited daughters had descendants, the succession to the Grand Magistery would be determined by the Grand Protector of the Order or Chief of the Imperial House of the Lascaris Comnenus.

Given in Madrid on the twenty-fourth of June of the year 2001 of the Birth of the Savior or 7509 of the Era of Constantinople.

______________________________________________________________________
[The original text in Spanish]

DECRETO  DE  SUCESION

Artículo 1°

En caso de imposibilidad física que no me permita atender debidamente las funciones de Gran Maestre o a causa de mi fallecimiento, asumirá, de inmediato,
este puesto mi hija primogénita la princesa Da MARIA EUGENIA ISABEL LASCARIS COMNENO MONROY como Gran Dama Suprema de la misma.

 

Artículo 2°
                AI propio tiempo asumirá su Lugartenencia General mi segunda hija la princesa Da HELENA ISABEL IRENE LASCARIS COMNENO MONROY, cumpliendo
así la condici6n establecida en el Apartado b) de la Constitucl6n Segunda.

 

Artículo 3°
            En el momento en que mi sucesora en el Gran Maestrazgo, por imposibilidad o muerte, no pudiera continuar en su puesto, este Gran Maestrazgo sería
asumido por mi segunda hija la princesa Da Helena Isabel Irene, que hasta ahora desempeñaba el cargo de Lugarteniente General.

 

Artículo 4°
            En el supuesto de que esta última no pudiera asumir el puesto o falleciera, sería Gran Maestre Supremo el hijo mayor varón de mi primera hija la princesa Da
Maria Eugenia Isabel si reuniera las siguientes condiciones


                a) Mayor de 18 años

                b) Haber gestionado que el apellido Láscaris sea incorporado a su nombre
                                en primer lugar, es decir, que sus descendientes siempre puedan denominarse
                                Láscaris y puedan continuar siendo miembros de la Casa Láscaris Comneno.

 

        Artículo 5°

                    Si este varón no existiera, pasaría al primogénito y varón de mi segunda hija
        Da Helena Isabel Irene siempre que cumpliera las condiciones señaladas en los apartados
       a) y b) del artículo anterior.

               

        Artículo 6°
               Si no existiera ninguno de estos varones podría pasar a las hijas de ambas
        siguiendo el mismo orden y condiciones.


        Artículo 7°
                Si no tuvieran descendencia ninguna ambas princesas citadas anteriormente,
        determinaría la sucesión en el Gran Maestrazgo el Alto Protector de la Orden o Jefe de la
        Casa Imperial y Real de los Láscaris Comnenos.

 

       Dado en Madrid, a veinticuatro de junio del año 2001 del Nacimiento del Salvador y 7509 de la Era de Constantinopla.

 

           ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

 

Official Bulletin
[Replica]
Order  of  Saint  Eugene  of  Trebizond
of
The  House  of  Lascaris  Comnenus  of  Constantinople
Published in Madrid, Spain

Official Bulletin of the Order of Saint Eugene of Trebizond.

Official Bulletin of the Order of Saint Eugene of Trebizond.

P. O. BOX 1771
CAMARILLO, CA 93011
U.S.A.


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THE
AUTHENTICITY,  INTEGRITY,  AND SOVEREIGNTY
 OF
THE  HOUSE
OF
LASKARIS  KOMNENOS  OF  CONSTANTINOPLE
AND
SUBJECT  INSTITUTIONS

Perpetuation of the Byzantine Idea incarnated in a Dynasty . . . living evidence spanning some 350 years.

Juan Pablo Lascaris, Grand Master, Order of Malta (1636-1657).

Juan Arcadio Lascaris, Grand Master, Order of Saint Eugene of Trebizond (present).

JUAN  PABLO  LASCARIS
GRAND MASTER (1636-1657)
ORDER OF MALTA
Valletta, Malta

JUAN  ARCADIO  LASCARIS
GRAND MASTER (present)
ORDER OF ST. EUGENE OF TREBIZOND
Madrid, Spain

It is an impossibility for the true Order of Saint Constantine the Great and Saint Helen, which exists under the legal authority of The House of Laskaris Komnenos of Constantinople, ever to come under the control or influence of the Vatican.

 This fact prevails despite the pointless efforts of frustrated detractors who attempt to propagate false arguments.  Only the House can abdicate or reassign its historical rights.

An absurdity (posed as a scholarly conclusion!) by the said detractors is that, it would take a life time to disprove the authenticity of the House; therefore, the House is amiss. [The capacity to reason and for scholastic discipline as shown by this statement is left to the judgment of the  reader.]

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

DISCREDITED AND SET ASIDE

Below appears the English translation of a clarifying document by the
GRAND COUNCIL of the ORDER OF SAINT EUGENE OF TREBIZOND

___________________

    We suppose that Mr. Guy Stair Sainty publishes his defamatory page on account of his being Vice Chancellor of the Constantinian Order of the Two Sicilies; and by which he considers to have disposed of the Lascaris Comnenus -- true holders-in-trust of the authentic Order of Saint Constantine the Great, who have conserved and conveyed it from generation to generation until our days.

    There is a great number of publications, writings, documents, etc. that attest to these facts.  Bear in mind that the said Order of the Two Sicilies as also that held by the Bourbons of Parma are orders exclusively of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, but they can never be considered (as they declare) successors of the one founded by Constantine the Great, Emperor of Byzantium.  To make this assertion it suffices to state (as it has been published already many times) that according to them it [the Constantinian Order] was purchased of an Albanian family that was said to be Angeloi (of the Angeloi of Byzantium), but whose real name was Span.  Yet, as it can be proven, an Order can never be an object of a sale, and much less to be done by a family having no rights whatsoever to same.  In view of these facts, the Lascaris Comnenus Family made the pertinent protestations; and thus it was recognized by the Senate of the Roman People (see the corresponding historic legal Registration in the Archives of the SPQR).

    We wish to point out that if our Family had not the origin it claims: How is it possible in the course of the years always to have been recognized by the Greek People, hundreds of Greek institutions, centers, etc.?

    Why was it that His Beatitude the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem granted the Grand Cordon of the Holy Sepulcher to the Princes Eugene II and Theodore IX; and His Beatitude Eireneos  –  for whom is felt a great friendship and affection  –  granted that Order to Prince Juan Arcadio?

    Their brother, Prince Constantine, in view of his work to induce various American countries to vote for the independence of Cyprus, was appointed Consul of that nation in Costa Rica by the President of Cyprus, His Beatitude Archbishop Makarios.  And, in recognition of his great cultural contribution the Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Costa Rica in Solemn Session on April 1998 unanimously declared him “BENEFACTOR OF THE NATION.”

    The brother, Prince Juan Arcadio, has been received during all of his sojourns in Greece with full solemnity by advocates and institutions.  We cite that with the participation of the Greek Combat Veterans and in the custody of the Evzone Guard in Athens he placed a “Laurel Wreath” at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at the Greek Parliament building at Syntagma Square.

    This Prince has been recognized as leader of the Hellenic patriotic movement of various Pontian groups of Greece, the United States, Ukraine, and other nations.  Thus, the central Pontian Library, “Captain Eucleides,” at Aharnon in Athens has been put under his name, having himself attended the inaugural ceremony on May 11, 2003.

    He was named member of Parnassus of Athens, addressing the corresponding conference of induction.  He has addressed various conferences at the Grand Hall of the University of Athens and at diverse centers in Athens, Patras, Sparta, Mistras, Lamia, Volos, Larisa, Nafpaktos, etc.  And in Athens this year, 2006, he celebrated his Birthday with the participation of more than three hundred persons and in the company of the former Prime Minister of Greece and of the Archons of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.  Furthermore, in recognition of cooperation by his Hellenic compatriots, he has bestowed fifteen plaques of appreciation to as many personalities, including Mayors, Metropolitans of the Orthodox Church, and Generals of the Greek Armed Forces.

    We do not wish to press on with more data from the immense number of activities the Family has brought forth.  It will be said only that they number in hundreds of publications and works.  In a word, the Family has not ceased in all their lives to demonstrate in ample form their great personal quality and great affection for their Hellenic motherland.

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

THE  DYNASTY
OF  THE
LASKARIS  KOMNENOS  
OF
CONSTANTINOPLE

NOTE: Data display may vary with different browsers. If
the information below appears garbled, view the PDF File.

The HOUSE of LASKARIS has its origin in the
Seleucides of the Hellenic Empire of Syria and
Commagene, and the KOMNENOS in the Flavian
House of Rome.

 

                                                                                                FLAVIUS  EMMANOUIL
                                                                                                    Prefect of the Orient

                                                                                                                     I
                                                                                                                     I
                                                                       ______________________________________
                                                                       I                                                                          I
                                                                       I                                                                          I
                                                ISAAKIOS  I  KOMNENOS                                         IOANNES

                     
                                Emperor (1057-1059)                                                 (d. 1067)
                                                                                                                                                  I
                                                                                                                                                  I
                                                                                                                            ALEXIOS  I  the GREAT
                                                                                                                                 Emperor (1081-1118)
                                                                                                                                                  I
                                                                                                                                                  I
                                           ____________________________________________________
                                          
I                                                                                                      I
                                           I                                                                                                      I
                                IOANNES  II                                                                                  ISAAKIOS
                             Emperor (1118-1143)                                                                      Sebastokrator
                                           I                                                                                                      I
                                           I                                                                                                      I
                            ______________________                                                                         
I  
                            I                                          I                                                           ANDRONIKOS  I
                            I                                          I                                                        
Emperor (1183-1185)
          
  EMMANOUIL  I                                  I                                                                           I
  
         Emperor (1143-1180)                         I                                                                           I
                                                                       I                                                                           I
                                                     MARIA  KOMNENE
                                                               I
                                           m. KONSTANTINOS  LASKARIS
                                                  Imperial Prince of Mysia,                                             EMMANOUIL
                                                 Tenedos, and Peloponnesus;                                                   I
                                               
General of the Empire (1108)                                                         I
                                                                      I                                                   ___________________________

                                                                      I                                                   I                                                     I
                                                                      I                                                   I                                                     I
                                                                      I                                          ALEXIOS  I                                    DAVID
                                                                      I                                   Emperor of Trebizond;                    of Heracleum
                                                                      I                                   m. Theodora Laskaris;
                                                                      I                                       [20 Grand Komnenos
                                                                      I                                          Emperors follow.]
                                                                      I
                                                                      I
                                       EMMANOUIL  Laskaris Komnenos
                                                     Panhypersebastos
                                                                      I
                                                                      I
                          _______________________________________________________________
                          I                                                                I                                                            I
                         
I                                                                I                                                            I

           KONSTANTINOS                                    THEODOROS                                   EMMANOUIL
           Emperor (1204-1206)                                 The Restorer of the                       Caesar and General
                                                                             Empire (1206-1222)                                              I
                                                                                          I                                                            I
                                                                                          I                                              KONSTANTINOS
                                                                                          I                                                 Prince of Epirus
                                                                                          I                                                            I
                           _____________________________________                                                  I
                           I                                                                         I                                                 I
                          
I                                                                         I                                                 I
            KONSTANTINOS  XII                                         EIRENE                                                   I
                   Aetidius                                             Empress m. IOANNES  III                                    I
                   Emperor                                     the Saint, Laskaris Doukas Vatatzes                               I
                                                                                            (1222-1254)                                           I
 
                                                                                                    I                                                 I
                                                                                                     I                                                 I
                                                     ________________________I                                  EMMANOUIL  II
                                                     I                                                                                  Count of Cefalonia
                                                     I                                                                               Inheritor of the Empire
                                     
THEODOROS  II                                                                                       I
                                       The Philosopher                                                                                     I
                                   Empertor (1254-1258)                                                                                I
                                                     I                                                                                                 I
                                                     I                                                                                                 I
                        ______________________________________________________                   I
                       
I                                             I                                                            I                   I 
                        I                                             I                                                            I                   I
         THEODOROS III                           IOANNES IV                                     EUDOXIA-EIRENE    I
            Emperor
(1252);                  Emperor (1258-1261).          1st m - William Peter II             I       
           
 died a child.                    Civil War from 1262                  I      Count of Veintimiglia       I
                                                  in favor of the Laskaris.              
I      2nd m - Arnaud Roger       I
                  
                                                                                     I          Count of Pallars in        I
                                                                                                        I                Catalonia.               I
                                                                                                       
I                        I                     I
                           ______________________________________ I                        I                     I
                          I                                                                                                      I                     I
                         
I                                                                                                      I                     I
 
  LASKARIS  VEITNIMIGLIA                                                                                    I                     I
   Distinguished among them was                                                                          
I                    I
Juan Pablo Laskaris Grand Master                                                                        I                    I  
         of Malta
(1636-1656)                                 ___________________________I                    I
                                                                           I                                                                          I
                                                                           I                                                                          I
                                                     LASKARIS  RIBAGORZA                                            THOMAS I
                                                                  (Lascorz).                                                       Count of Cefalonia;
                                                                                                                                         m. Anna Palaeologa
                                                                                                                                  sister of Emperor Andronikos
                                                                                                                                                         I
                                                                                                                                                         I  
                                                                                                         ___________________________
                                                                                                         I                                                     I
                                                                                                         I                                                     I
                                                                                             EMMANOUIL III                                 EIRENE
                                                                                   Prince Paraspondolos
(1360).
                                                                                                       I
                                                                        _______________ I
                                                                        I
                                                                        I
                                                         THEODOROS IV
                                  Despotes, Protostator and Paraspondolos (1400)
                                                      m. Eirene Palaeologa
                            In April 1445 was given the Dignity of Paraspondolos
                                                 (equivalent to Grand Prince).
                         
Recognized by the Illustrious Senate and People of Rome:
                                        
Decrees Book 1392-1403, page 140
                                                                        I
                                                                        I
                                             __________________________________________________
                                             I                                                                                                   I
                                   ISAAKIOS III                                                                                        I
                        Protostator of Peloponnesus                                                                                 I
            In 1443 campaigned on the side of Venice                                                                         I
  Recognized by the Illustrious Senate and People of Rome:                                                            I
                Decrees Book 1436-1447, page 131                                                                                I
                      m. Theodora Kantakouzene                                      ___________________________I
                                            I                                                       I                                            I
                                            I                                                       I                                            I
                                            I                                          KONSTANTINOS                                I
                                            I                                   of Theophilos Palaeologos.                          I
                                            I                                                                                                    I
                                            I                                               __________________________ I
                                            I                                              I                                                     I
                                            I                                              I                                                     I
                                            I                                        ANNA                                            ALEXIOS
                                            I                        m. Ioannes Komnenos                                       Katepano
     
                                    
 I                               (mil. governor)     
                                            I
                                            I    
                                            I
                  __________________________________________________________
                  I                                                  I                                          I                     I
                  I                                                  I                                          I                     I
      DEMETRIOS                         THEODOROS V                  NIKOLAOS              IOANNES
        Megadoux                                 Katepano in                         Katepano              ANDREAS
 
    (Grand Duke)                               Venice and                           (d. 1530)                       I
 
Recognized by Venice                      Cerfalonia                                    I                             I
   in 1497 and in 1515.                                                                         I                             I
                 I                                                                                 THEODOROS         ANGELOS
                 I________________________
                 I                                                     I
                 I                                                     I
                 I                              IOANNES THEODOROS VI
                 I                         Recognized by the Illustrious Senate
                 I                        and People of Rome , Vol. 1515-1557,
                 I                          May 16, 1525, p. 182 as Heir of the
                 I                        Empire and Hereditary Grand Master
                 I                               of the Constantinian Order
                 I
                 I
           __________________________________________________________________
           I                                                                      I                                                            I
           I                                                                      I                                                            I
  ALEXANDROS                                          GEORGIOS I                                          DEMETRIOS
      Megadoux,                                         Katepano in Cyprus                                       Katepano in
    Prefect in the                                          and Dalmatia.                                         Crete (1574).
Kingdom of Cyprus                                                    I                                                            I
            I                                                                      I                                                            I
            I                                                                      I                                                ALEXANDROS
            I                                                                      I                                                 Prefect of Corfu
            I                                                                      I                                                  and Cefalonia
            I                                                                      I                                                     (d. 1580).
            I                                                                      I___________________
            I                                                                                                             I
            I __________________________________________                        I
            I                          I                            I                            I                        I                         
            I                          I                            I                            I                        I                                             
   EUGENIOS         IOANNES         DEMETRIOS        PHILIPPOS                     I
    (all the above four Captains killed by the Turk in Cyprus in 1550)                      I
                                                                                                                           I
                                                                                                                           I
                                                                                                                           I
                _________________________________________________________________
                I                                      I                   I                         I                       I                   I 
                I                                      I                   I                         I                       I                   I
KONSTANTINOS        DEMETRIOS II      NIKOLAOS      ANGELOS     IOANNES         THEODOROS
       Prefect.                  Katepano in Crete,        Prefect            Katepano        Katepano           Prefect
                I                         Prefect in 1570.                                                                                 I
                I                                      I                                                      __________________I
                I                                      I                                                     I                                    I
                I                                      I                                                     I                                    I
KONSTANTINOS                            I                                             IOANNES                     THEODOROS
                                                       I                                              Katepano.                         Prefect.
                                                       I
                                                       I
            _______________________________________________________________
            I                                          I                                              I                                   I
            I                                          I                                              I                                   I
THEODOROS                  GEORGIOS II                         ANGELOS                        ALEXANDROS
                                       Cavalry Cammander
                                                 Prefect.
                                         Lived in Dalmatia.
                                                       I
                                                       I _______________________________________________
                                                       I                                                            I                              I
                                                       I                                                            I                              I
                                          GERASIMOS I                                        DEMETRIOS                 IOANNES
                                                       I                                                            I
                                                       I                                                            I 
                    ______________________________                              Laskaris of
                    I                                          I                I                              Verona
                    I                                          I                I                                   I
       DEMETRIOS III               GEORGIOS       IOANNES                           I
           Katepano                                                                                           I
                    I                                                                                     Laskaris of Poland,
                    I                                                                                    Lithuania and Russia
     THEODOROS VII                                                                   (Laskarysow, Laskaroff)
  Moved to Asia Minor                                                                Distinguished among them
         from Vlachia                                                                   was Jerzy Lascaris (1828-1888)
                    I                                                                             in the Polish Revolution of 1863
                    I ______________________
                    I                                            I
                    I                                            I
       ANDRONIKOS II                         IOANNES
    Porfyrogenitos in 1675
                    I
                    I
       EMMANOUIL IV
    b. in the Fanar in 1705;
             (d. 1764)
                    I
                    I ___________________________________________________________
                    I                                                I                                       I                             I 
                    I                                                I                                       I                             I   
       ANDRONIKOS III                   GEORGIOS                      EIRENE                     THEODORA
           Porfyrogenitos                   Lived in Bithynia
             (1730-1797);
        b. in the Fanar and
            d. in Vienna
                    I
                    I _________________________________________________
                    I                                                      I                                            I
                    I                                                      I                                            I
         THEODOROS VIII                           EUGENIA                             EMMANOUIL
               ALEXIOS                           m. Gerasimos Fokas
            Porfyrogenitos
              (1761-1819);
    
    b. in Tasch-Serai,
   
Fanar of Constantinople
                     I
                     I __________________________________________________________
                     I                               I                                 I                         I                        I
                     I                               I                                 I                         I                        I
       ANDRONIKOS VI         EMMANOUIL        ANDRONIKOS       DEMETRIOS       EUTYCHIA
          THEODOROS
   b. in Tasch-Serai in 1801
d. in 1872 in Constantinople,
Chief of the Etaireia and hero
of the Greek War of Independence
            (1821-1829)
                     I
                     I ___________________________________________
                     I                                                                                        I
                     I                                                                                        I            
     ALEXIOS  VI  EMMANOUIL                                                  EUSTATHIA
     b. in Kutchuk-Levens in 1847;                                                    (1850-1874)
moved to Italy and then Spain in 1870;                                  m. Anagnostis Mouselle;
               (d. 1906)                                                                    d. in 1871in the great fire
                    
I                                                                                  of Constantinople
                     I
                     I
            __________________________________________________
            I                                           I                                                       I
            I                                           I                                                       I
LAVRENTIOS                    IOSEPHINE                                        EUGENIOS II
EMMANOUIL                       Imperial                             Titular Emperor of Constantinople
   (1877-1900)                                   and                                 in 1923 and 1935 proclaimed
                                            Royal Princess                          legitimate King of the Hellenes.
                                               (1881-1956)                            Sovereign Grand Master of the
                                                                                          Order of Saint Constantine the Great;
                                                                                            the Order of Saint Helen; the Order
                                                                                                 of Saint Eugene of Trebizond;
                                                                                                 President of IPHBAU; Grand
                                                                                              Protector of The House; Head of
                                                                                             the Union of Byzantine Aristocracy
                                                                                               (March 26, 1886 - June 1, 1952)
                                                                                                                     I
                             _____________________________________________________I
                             I                                         I
                             I                                         I
                             I                                         I
                THEODOROS IX                              I_____________________________
       
    Heir to the Dignities of                          I                                                          I
                      Eugene II.                                  I                                                          I
(October 27, 1921 - September 20, 2006)              I                                            KONSTANTINOS
        m. Gabriela Torres Barrera                        I                                                (1923-1979);
                            I                                           I                                           m. Helena Galina
                            I                                           I                                                Selepuhine
                            I                                           I                                              Rudikowskaia
                            I                                           I                                                            I
                            I                                           I                                                            I
                            I                                           I                             _________________________________
                            I                                           I                            I                                                                 I
                            I                                           I                            I                                                                 I
                           
I                                           I                TATIANA HELENA                             ANNA MARIA
                            I                                           I                     ALEXANDRA                          OF  CONSTANTINOPLE
                            I                                           I
                            I                                           I
                            I                                           I
                            I                                           I ________________________
                            I                                           I                                                I
                            I                                           I                                                I
                            I                                           I                            ALEXANDROS MICHAEL
                            I                                           I                                       DEMETRIOS
                            I                                           I                                           b. 1924;
                            I                                           I                               m. Ipapandi Kutzurakis.
                            I                                           I                                                I
                            I                                           I                                                I
                            I                                           I                  ________________________________
                            I                                           I                  I                                                              I                          
                            I                                           I                  I                                                              I
                            I                                           I          THEMIS                                            ALEXANDRA
                            I                                           I           b. 1965 .                                                    b. 1971.
                            I                                           I                       
                            I                                           I
                            I                                           I _________________________________________
                            I                                           I                                                                                  I
                            I                                           I                                                                                  I
                            I                                           I                                                         IOANNES  ARCADIOS  BASILIOS
                            I                                           I                                                                    GRAND MASTER
                            I                                           I                                                        Order of Saint Eugene of Trebizond
                            I                                           I                                                                 b. 1926; d. April 16, 2013
                            I                                           I                                                               m. Maria Isabel Monroy.
                            I                                           I                                                                                     I
                            I                                           I                                                                                     I
                            I                                           I                                                     ___________________________________
                            I                                           I                                                     I                                                                     I
                            I                                           I                                                     I                                                                     I
                            I                                           I                                      MARIA  EUGENIA                                     HELENA  ISABEL
                            I                                           I                                                ISABEL                                                     EIRENE
                            I                                           I                                                b. 1975.                                                       b. 1977.
                            I                                           I
                            I                                           I   
                            I                                           I
                            I                                           I __________________________
                            I                                           I                                                    I
                            I                                           I                                                    I
                            I                                           I                            HELENA  EIRENE  SOPHIA
                            I                                           I                                             b. 1930
                            I                                           I                                  m. Michael Canning
                            I                                           I                                                    I
                            I                                           I                                                    I
                            I                                           I                   _____________________________________
                            I                                           I                   I                                         I                               I  
                            I                                           I                   I                                         I                               I
                            I                                           I    IOANNES MICHAEL       ANNA SOPHIA        CHARLES  
                            I                                           I          THEODOROS                 ELIZABETH             b. 1968
                            I                                           I               b.1966                               b.1966
                            I                                           I           
                            I                                           I
                            I                                           I
                            I                                           I ___________________________________________________________
                            I                                                                                                                                                                   I
                            I                                                                                                                                                                   I
                            I                                                                                                                                            SOPHIA  EIRENE  EUDOXIA
                            I
                            I
                            I
                            I______________________________________________________________
                            I                                                      I                                  I                                 I
                            I                                                      I                                  I                                 I
                           
I                                            BERENICE                     ZOE                    ALEXIA  ISABEL
                            I                                     m. Alfredo Daniel              EUGENIA                m. Carlos Alberto
                            I                                     Chaparro Cafarelli       m. Federico Fedor         Rodriguez Pena
                            I                                                      I                           Garcia Sala                         I
                            I                                                      I                                                                     I
                            I                                            ESTEFANIA                                         ____________________
                            I                                          ALEXANDRA                                         I                                       I
                            I                                                 b.1991                                            I                                       I
                            I                                                                                            HELENE VICTORIA              EIRENE
                            I____________ _       
                                                        I
                                                        I
                                                        I
                                            EUGENIOS  III              
                                 THEODOROS  EMMANOUIL   
                                      Heir to the Dignities of
                                             Theodore IX.
                                         b. October 10, 1975
                                      m. Joanna Ramos Zerpa 
The Marriage of Prince Eugene III to Joanna Ramos Zerpa.

                                                 

      Reference:  SPQR Archives: Roman Senate

        Excerpt:  "The Constantinian Order, Subject of International Law"

                      I.PH.B.A.U., Apartado 818, Madrid, Spain, 1996

               By:  Professor J. Julius Koppany Santa-Pinter, Jurist


THE CONSTANTINIAN ORDER
AND THE LASCARIS-COMNENUS
DYNASTY


     The decision of the Supreme Court and College of arms of Costa Rica of August 15, 1947
previously cited confirms (Paragraph 10) the filiation of the Lascaris-Comnenus Dynasty based on concrete documents, authentic and true, not contested, and its princely category and other preeminences as came to be respected in the West by imperial Documents (of Germany), Roman pontifical bulls, royal decrees and by the Illustrious Roman Senate and People "namely, of the German Emperors Frederick II in Linz, Maximilian II in Ratisbona, Ferdinand II in 1630, Leopold I, Charles VI and III as King of Hungary, April 5, 1720 and Joseph I, March 27, 1710; diplomas of the Roman Pontiffs Callixtus III, Pius II, Sixtus IV, Innocentius VIII, Leo X, Paul III, Marcellus II, Paul IV, Pius V, Sixtus V, etc. and Clement XI, January 6, 1709; and the  Book of   Decrees of  the Illustrious  Roman  Senate and  People   1392-1403,  f. 140, 1436-1447,  f. 113, 1515-1525  (May 16, 1525, Ind. 13),  f. 142."(8).

The
ROMAN  SENATE
confirms and recognizes
The
 Grand Mastership
of The
Order of Constantine the Great
in The
HOUSE  OF  LASCARIS  COMNENUS
 

Reproduction of the Document of the Roman Senate by which in 1515-1526 the Order of St. Constantine the Great was confirmed vested in the Lascaris Comnenus.

Reproduction of the Document of the Roman Senate by which in 1515-1526 the Order of St. Constantine the Great was confirmed vested in the Lascaris Comnenus.

     With the extinction of the last direct Palaeologos—converted to Mohammedanism—
the Sovereign Grand Mastership [of the Order of Constantine the Great] was reclaimed
by and recognized in the person of the Porfyrogennitos
[born in the Purple or Firstborn],
 Prince Ioánnis Theódoros Láskaris-Komnenós-Palaeológos (Acts of The Roman Senate,
16-V-1525, Lib. Decr. 1515/1526, f. 142).

     In paragraphs 11 through 13 the Decision presents the line of succession of the members of the Lascaris Dynasty, while in paragraph 14 it takes up again the thread of  succession  starting  with  1718 to our present days.(9)  The actual Grand Master is H.I. and R.H.  Prince Theodore IX Lascaris-Comnenus, recognized jurist and philosopher as well as University Professor (ret.), writer and author of a number of works, several of which have received prizes in the countries of Europe and the Americas, visiting professor in Europe, the United States and Latin America.  Among his works it is well to mention: "The Problems and teachings of the United Nations, UNO and of UNESCO," University of Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela, 1974;  "Introduction to Philosophy and Greek Philosophy," ibid., 1975; "Tagmatology. Historical Juridical Study of Chivalric Orders,: ibid., 1978; "Fifth Centenary, Encounters and dis-Encounters on the Half Millennium from the Discovery of the New World," National Council of Culture, Caracas, 1993.

_________________________    
(8) The Decision in continuation cites the Decrees of the Council (Councils) of 1556, 1594, 1641, 1644, 1649, 1679,  and February 28, 1718 signed by the conservators of the archives before Notaries Public mentioned by their first and last names, by which documents and diplomas "attests that up to this date the Chief of this family exhibited overt use of the Office of Grand Master of the Sovereign Imperial Order of Constantine the Great, or of the Constantinian and Heraclian Knights under the Patronage of Saint George."


(9)  Cf. The Statutes of the Order in addition to the works cited. "Antecedents."  Whereas, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
_________________________
     We have mentioned at the end of Chapter II of the present essay that the juridical personality of the Order has not been extinguished in International Law despite the fact that the territory was conquered and occupied (similar to the case of Malta), and that the legitimate imperial family has not been deprived of its constitutional rights in view of the Turkish conquerors, staunch enemies of Christianity in general and of Byzantium in particular.

     Among  the  many judicial precedents  regarding   the  Order  as    well  as  the  House  of Lascaris-Comnenus,  we cite the  following cases  extracted from Tagmatology by  Theodore Lascaris-Comnenus, which are  in  the  public   domain.(10)

They are decisions of the:

· Tribunal of Avezzano, June 18, 1914
· Pretura of Naples, August 7, 1929
· Pretura of Naples, December 28, 1938
· Tribunal of Rome, October 23, 1939
· Pretura of Naples, July 11, 1941
· Pretura of Naples, February 2, 1942
· Pretura of Bari, June 26, 1945

Further,

· Pretura of Casoria, June 5, 1945
· Pretura of Bari, March 1, 1946
· Pretura of Rome, September 10, 1948

     The doctrine sustained in all the above cases as to the juridical personality of the Constantinian Order, the faculties and privileges of its Grand Master, likewise of the Imperial House of Lascaris-Comnenus comes to be confirmed by Decree of the Council of Ministers of Italy.(11)
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(10) Op. cit., p. 51 etc.
(11) Op. cit., pp. 57-58.  Cf. also the decisions of the Tribunal of Trani of October 26, 1948; the Pretura of  Vico del Gargano of  March 23, 1949 and  June 27,   1949  (op. cit., p. 61).
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     Also valid for the Constantinian Order is the reasoning employed by the Court in Nanni vs Pace in favor of the Order of Malta, that is: that the modern theory of the subjects of International Law recognizes a number of collective units with universal supranational objectives, eliminating the territorial confines and boundaries, which will give it "its international juridical personality": cf. The Constitutive Letters of the UN, Art. 104 and 105; EC, Art. 210 and 211; OAS, Art. 139; also of the Arab League, Art. 14; and of the African Unity, Art. XXXI.
    
     All this doctrine is based on the tradition confirmed by the Decrees of May 16, 1525 and of February 28, 1718 of the Senate of Rome and the Diploma of May 5, 1720 of the Imperial Chancellery of Vienna by the Emperor Charles VI of Hapsburg, and as Charles III in his function as King of Hungary, and worthy to say, the recognition of the "iure sanguinis" privileges in favor of John Anthony I Lascaris and his male descendants, such as of the Byzantine Emperors with the inherent quality of   "fons honorum," or that is, the faculty to concede nobility titles and dignities, to nominate Constantinian knights, etc.    John  Anthony I  Lascaris as well as his dynastic predecessors and descendants have never made use of their palatine privileges in the name of the Holy Roman Empire of the West because all of the concessions of titles by the Porfyrogenitoi [those born in the Purple] were effectuated under the imperial Byzantine title to confirm in this way their independence and to protect their postures with respect to the renewal of the Empire of the East to which they had the right not seriously debated or questioned by anyone.

                


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Expansion of Western Civilization: from Constantine the Great to Constantinople and Byzantium and onward to America

NEW BYZANTIUM is The AMERICAS
 We are sincerely pleased you have come to visit our Site and we extend to you our warmest greeting in the highest tradition of BYZANTIUM.  Our Principal goal is to impart to you heretofore intentionally little known facts about BYZANTIUM as the foundation of Western Civilization.  We will avoid knowingly withholding the truth as an aim to social disorientation.  Practice of historical deception must cease.  We hope that you will enjoy our contribution to the fullest.  Welcome.
Constantine the Great began his eventful climb in York, England and reached the apex of his achievement in Constantinople, the City that he founded and named after himself (Constantine+Polis [city]=Constantinople).  By means of these pages, our readers travel through time, touching upon the early periods, including that of Constantine, of historical Constantinople, and of Hagia Sophia—the nexus of the Christian world—to arrive at places and events of our present day.  Our readers reach the outermost limit to which both Eastern and Western Christian groups expanded, bringing forth the flower of Western Civilization.  That limit is the Western Hemisphere as a whole, and in particular the coast of California near San Francisco and the Golden Gate Bridge where the two groups converged  as they approached from the North and from the South.